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At times, entire crops … Hypocotyl explants from 7 day-old seedlings were pre-cultured for two days and inoculated with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 … Leafhopper Amrasca biguttula 6. Remarkably, its relationship with environmental factors such as temperature is not clearly defined. Small larvae feed on leaves for a short time and then attack fruit. 1. Lady beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata 13. damage to occur to the fruit, such as fungal attack or rotting (Fig. The head of the fall armyworm is usually marked with a pale-white inverted "Y." 3), and this more noticeable sign will give an indication of possible L. orbonalis infestation. Flea beetle Psylliodes sp. Eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB), Leucinodes orbonalis, is the most damaging pest of eggplant in South and Southeast Asia. It reduces the quality of fruit production and attacks eggplant irrespective to growth stages of plant unlike other pests [24]. IPM Strategy for Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer Table of Contents Chapters Executive Summary iv 1 Introduction 1 2 Biology and Nature of Damage of EFSB 3 3 Mechanical Control 6 4 Host-plant Resistance 11 5 Biological Control 13 6 Sex Pheromone 24 7 Socio-economics of Eggplant … 1). Common cutworm Spodoptera litura 3. Feeding damage to fruit consists of 1/8 – 1/4 inch wide holes. Its lar-vae feed inside eggplant fruit, making the fruit unmarketable and unfit for human consumption (Fig. 7. Arida said the fruit and shoot borer is the most important insect pest of eggplant in South and Southeast Asia. It inflicts sizeable damage up to 80 percent in terms of fruit and content of vitamin-C. Eggs are laid in groups of 20-30 near fruit. Eggplant shoot and fruit borer (ESFB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, is a major insect pest of eggplant, Solanum melongena L. In this study, cry1Aa3 gene was introduced into eggplant cv.Kashi Taru through Agrobacterium-tumefaciens mediated transformation. The caterpillar only emerges from inside the fruit when it is ready to pupate in the soil, leaving a much larger and obvious exit hole at this stage (Fig. feeding in fruit and shoot is responsible for the damage to eggplant crop. 4). Whitefly Bemesia tabaci 5. Arida said the fruit and shoot borer is the most important insect pest of eggplant in South and Southeast Asia. Corn semi-looper Chrysodeixis eriosoma 4. The most destructive insect pest of eggplant in the Philippines and other Asian countries is the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer (FSB). Management. The full grown larvae come out of the infested shoots and fruits and for pupate in the dried shoots and leaves or in plant debris fallen on the ground within tough silken cocoons. Eggplant fruit & shoot borer Leucinodes orbonalis 2. Eggplant shoot and fruit borer (ESFB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, a destructive pest of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), adversely affects quality and yield of eggplant fruit throughout the world. A. Insect Pests of Eggplant Common Name Scientific Name 1. Its larvae can be observed in the field as early as three weeks after transplanting. L. orbonalis is one of the most economic pest of Nepal, India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Bangladesh, Thailand, Pilippines, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam [4] and causing huge loss in almost eggplant growing areas [7]. Its larvae can be observed in the field as early as three weeks after transplanting. One fruit contain up to 20 larvae in Ghana (Frempong, 1979). The eggplant shoot and fruit borer (ESFB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a notorious insect pest that causes havoc across all eggplant cultivation areas in Bangladesh. The key pest, eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee found to be most destructive and first ranked threat especially in South Asia, hence become hot issue for research in this region.

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